Saturday, February 21, 2009
Surprise, Surprise…Your Closing Date Is Moved, Again!
It seems like the whole world is refinancing their mortgages right now. Well, not the whole world. I imagine other countries aren’t experiencing the same low rate phenomenon that we are right now. However, I can assure you the mortgage industry here at home is experiencing record numbers in volume due to the current market. It’s a great opportunity for a lot of people to save big bucks, and for long term. However, since everyone and their cousin is trying to refinance right now, it’s creating some logistical difficulties.
Think about it. It’s not just the lenders who are overwhelmed with business right now. So are all the vendors they do business with to get the loan closed. That means appraisals are taking longer to get done, and title companies are scrambling to coordinate title searches and loan closings. Even more obscure vendors, like credit reporting agencies, are behind. Say you want to update a customer’s credit report to remove some erroneous information. Guess what? It’s taking longer than ever to get it done.
Because of this huge glut, lock periods for loan rates are typically longer than usual. A lock period is the timeframe in which you must close your loan to secure that fabulous interest rate that got you to commit in the first place. Lenders are having to set realistic expectations for their customers. How can you possibly close a loan in five days if you don’t have the appraisal back? You see, some things are out of your lender’s control. Realtors are very aware of the limitations that lenders are facing these days. They are ensuring that they too set realistic deadlines when negotiating purchase contracts for buyers.
There are so many moving pieces to a puzzle of a loan closing. Everything has to be coordinated to make it go smoothly. That means that you as a customer have certain responsibilities and obligations, as well. For instance, get the requested documents to your lender as soon as possible. If you dilly dally, you may run into problems. You see, your lender has a whole pipeline of loans, as do all the other mortgage lenders that work for that particular company. All of these loans have to be reviewed by an underwriter. So, basically, your loan has to take a number. And if you’re not prompt, your loan may go to the back of a very, very, very long line. Most people want their loans to close at the end of the month or in the first few days of the month, so you can imagine the huge glut and back up that occurs. Thus, be prompt and responsive to your lender’s requests to allow everyone time to do their job.
The moral of the story is to listen to your lender and keep an open line of dialogue going. Keep him/her aware of changing situations. Email is great tool for use in accomplishing this purpose. It takes only a minute or two and can save everyone lots of heartache in the long run. And if your loan closing date gets moved, take heart. It will close, eventually.
Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call direct: (865) 567-0113 Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910. For more information visit her website at www.kristinmortgage.com Home Loans Plain Talk.
Saturday, January 3, 2009
FHA 2009: More Money Out of Pocket
We sure have seen a bunch of changes in the mortgage industry this year. FHA has had a few noted ones, such as raising the loan limit. However, new changes will be in effect beginning in January 2009. And for this area, most important is that more money is required from the borrower.
Effective the first day of the year, any property with a case number for FHA ordered will have the new minimum loan to value requirement of 96.5%. What’s a case number, you may ask? A case number is FHA’s way of identifying a property. When you order an appraisal, you must provide the appraiser with the official assigned case number. The lender obtains this number from FHA’s system. If you’re the borrower, and you switch lenders but still have the contract on the same house, the existing case number and the assignment have to get transferred in FHA’s system.
OK, so back to the cash investment required from a borrower. The old rule was you had to have 3% out of pocket to qualify for an FHA loan. And you could finance up to 97.75% of the loan. You could use the other .75% required left over toward your closing costs. Now, you have to put a down payment equal to 3.5%. To make it a little clearer, if you were buying an home via FHA in 2008 that cost $100,000, you could finance up to $97,750, and only pay $750 in closing costs if the seller were will to pay the rest. Now, you have to put $3500 down for a loan amount of $96,500, and you and the seller have to negotiate the rest of the closing costs. Closing costs now cannot be used to meet the 3.5% requirement.
If you think about it, this change will afford FHA a few things. Number one FHA now has more wiggle room to recoup some loss in the event of foreclosure. More money down means more equity. The other aspect is that a borrower now has to a bit more serious about saving for a home if they need FHA financing.
But what hasn’t changed is that the seller can still contribute 6% of the sales pricing to help out with closing costs. That’s more generous than most lending programs with the exception of a few. And your down payment can still be in the form of a gift from a qualifying donor (blood relative is always a safe bet). Thus, these nuances of the FHA loan that have been so beneficial to many aren’t going away.
The FHA program has always been a strong one because its foundations were based upon common sense lending. Income was always verified, assets were always checked out, and the program is only for primary residences. I think these new changes may make folks have to wait a bit longer before buying a house, but it’s a smart move to keep FHA lending healthy and out of the headlines. We’ve had enough mortgage headaches due to bad decisions by lending institutions and borrowers. These changes make sense, and that’s ok with me.
Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call direct: (865) 567-0113 Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910.
For more information visit her website at www.kristinmortgage.com Home Loans Plain Talk.
Sunday, November 30, 2008
Cash Crunch? Maybe It’s Time to Cash Out?
It’s probably safe to say that today’s current economic situation is not ideal for the majority of Americans. As rates continue to creep down, many people start to consider refinancing. And if you’re going to refinance, it’s always a good time to discuss cashing out some equity in the property.
Why is it a good topic for discussion? For one, if you are refinancing on the secondary market, you’re going to pay closing costs. It’s best to consider all options before you leap. Not that cashing out equity necessarily makes sense for you. If you just want to take the kids to Disney or throw a silver wedding anniversary party for your parents, you might take a second to think of a better way to finance these items. Do you really want to pay for them over the next 30 years? However, if you’re paying a mound of money in credit card debt and your existing interest rate is way higher than current market rate, than it’s something to consider. Or maybe it’s time to send a kid off to college.
A cash out refinance works this way. Say you bought your house three years ago, financed $100,000 of the $125,000 purchase price at a rate of 7%. In the meantime your house is worth $150,000 now, and you have amassed some icky credit card debt. You’d like to pull out $10,000 in equity from the house to pay off the credit card, and the current rate available to you is 5.75%. This scenario would make sense to consider a cash out.
The down side to a cash out refinance is that, as mentioned before, you have to pay closing costs. You do usually pay a lower rate in title insurance by commanding a re-issue rate. And this charge can be a big ticket item, but other than that the other costs are pretty much standard as they would be for a purchase. The money you would need to set up escrow probably will come back to you from your old escrow account when your old mortgage is paid off. So, that’s more palatable.
Also, keep in mind that if you pull too much equity out of your house, you might have to face monthly mortgage insurance. Right now, the minimum loan to value for a cash out on aprimary residence on a Conventional loan is 85%. For FHA, it’s 95%. But you can expect that to change soon. The reason for the changes? Many people in a tight financial bind sucked the equity out of their homes, then defaulted on the mortgages. As you can imagine, this move hasn’t helped our economy much. Not much at all. So, lenders have safeguards now and higher loan to values, to prohibit this from happening as often.
Make sure you really consider all options when refinancing. Don’t fall into a trap of cashing out for a quick return with a long term pay back. Make sure cashing out has a real purpose and benefit for doing so. Your mortgage lender should be able to crunch the numbers and present your options. Take your time and don’t move too, quickly. But if it makes sense, then lock that low rate!
Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call direct: (865) 567-0113 Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910. For more information visit her website at http://www.kristinmortgage.com/ Home Loans Plain Talk.
Friday, September 5, 2008
Question: "flips"
I have a question on flips, I purchased a new condo at a bank auction last week where the developer lost several new construction homes. I would like to flip it ASAP and list it for 28,000.00 below current appraisal and 23,000.00 below tax appraisal. The home inspection report came back good with just a couple of minor fixes. I'm sure the rule still applies here but I still have to ask your opinion. Also would a FHA loan be the quickest route to a faster sale? I know there are different rules and different time frames for different lenders.
ANSWER:
For FHA, the contract has to be dated on the 91st day after you, the seller, purchased it. If the sales price is much higher than purchase price, two appraisals may be required.
Conventional has no limitations as to when it can be sold. However, the UW will want to review the title prior to approval to make sure it is clear.
Hope this helps!
Thanks!
Kristin
Monday, September 1, 2008
Interest Rates: One Man’s Gain Is Another’s Loss
In the old days, you used to be able to call a lender, give them a note amount and term, and get a quote. Lickety split. Not a lot of questions. Just “boom”, there’s your answer. It certainly made interest rate comparison much easier. But in today’s mortgage lending world, it’s just not that easy.
In fact, say you’ve got two customers buying identical homes in a development. Each customer can be quoted completely different interest rates for different reasons. Even if they have the same credit score. That’s because you’re granted different discounts or assessed with different cost additions for various aspects of your lending profile.
For instance, one guy may be getting a conventional loan, and the other an FHA (Federal Housing Administration) loan. With FHA and a credit score of 620, there are no discounts or additions for credit score that a lender will add to the total price. But, dip below a 620 and there will be quite a pricing differential. With a conventional loan, you’ll get discounts the higher your credit score. Thus, a 620 credit score in the conventional realm does not have as much interest rate muscle as a 720. And there are different cost hits in between for every 19 point differential. Plus, if you have less than a 620, you probably won’t get conventional approval. A typical lender nowadays has to be really good at reading a chart to quote a loan in the conventional world.
Another big factor is loan size. Again, you’ll probably pick up a discount if you’ve got a healthy sized loan. However, if you’re financing a smaller amount, it may cost you a bit. Thank goodness for excellent first time homebuyer programs that let qualified borrowers avoid some of these pricing hits.
Another big difference in interest rates available is the buyer’s intention for the property. If it’s a primary residence or a second home, one gets a better rate than if it’s an investment property. From an underwriting perspective, a borrower is less likely to quit paying a mortgage for a property that is intended for personal use. Statistics have proven this aspect of lending to be quite true. Of course, if it is an investment property, the borrower is going to have to come up with a heck of a lot more money out of pocket anyway. If it’s a manufactured home, you have to reconsider loan programs again. Some programs aren’t available for manufactured homes, and especially if it is a manufactured home that is an investment property. You’ll have to find a lender that specializes in this type of loan.
As touched on before, the type of loan matters, too. Conventional rates are different than FHA rates, which are different than VA rates, which are different than Rural Housing rates. Even for the same house. And again, as mentioned before, throw THDA or another first time housing program into the equation, and you start all over again. Of course, you can’t get a VA loan if you’re not a veteran or the spouse of one buying a loan. And you can’t get a rural housing loan if you’re in the wrong zip code and make too much money. So, at times, your choices are limited for you.
Even if you get the same interest rate, it doesn’t necessarily mean your payment will be the same. If your loan requires mortgage insurance, your monthly premium could differ because of your credit profile.
I guess the best advice is to be patient when considering loan programs and payments. Make sure you explore all your options. And don’t worry about the guy sitting next you. Just keep your eyes open and work with a lender that’s trustworthy.
Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call direct: (865) 567-0113 Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910. For more information visit her website at www.kristinmortgage.com Home Loans Plain Talk.
Saturday, August 23, 2008
Want to Make Your Landlord Rich? Renew Your Lease!
When you make your payment to your landlord every month like the dutiful renter you are, you are placing cash in his pocket. Maybe it’s time to consider keeping some of that money for your self…..
No doubt about it. Renting definitely serves a need and a purpose. It also is typically hassle-free. There’s very little maintenance. If something goes wrong, you call someone, and they fix it. But is it always necessary or the smart choice?
Think about it. Every month when you write that check out to Joe Landlord, you are paying your landlord’s mortgage for him (or at least some portion of it). And, in the meantime, you are building equity for him in the property he owns. That’s really quite nice of you. Very thoughtful indeed. So, if he decides to sell that property in the future, do you think he will write you a thank you note for all the money you’ve made for him? That might happen when pigs fly.
Say you pay $1000 a month for rent. Most landlords cover their mortgage when they set the rent payment. Typically, but not always. So if you stay in this place for two years, you will end up making $24,000 worth of mortgage payments for your landlord. That’s mighty nice of you. Now, in turn, think of the property’s appreciation that will occur simultaneously. For instance, when you first started renting the house, it was worth $100,000. Now, two years later, it’s worth $124,000. Since you’ve been so considerate to make his mortgage, oops, I mean your rent payment on time, your landlord is smiling. He’s just accumulated $24,000 in equity. And it’s all thanks to you!
Hmm, that gives you pause for a moment, doesn’t it?
I’m not trying to make you feel bad. Like I said before, renting definitely serves a need and a purpose. Some people can’t qualify for a mortgage. Perhaps they are self employed, and need to build up some type of income history of earnings to get a home. Or maybe their job is transient or unstable, and they don’t want to have to deal with selling a home in a few months. There are many instances when renting makes sense.
However, if you are just being complacent or nervous, then you might reconsider renting. Yes, I said nervous. You see, fear keeps many people from homeownership. The paperwork and numbers can be daunting, even to a person who is buying their fifth house. And if you are a first time homebuyer considering a thirty year debt, it can be overwhelming and cause great anxiety.
But I’ll let you in on a little secret. Homeownership is easily attainable. You just have to set a little cash aside and pay your bills on time. That’s it. No great mystery. And here’s another little tidbit. It’s a buyer’s market right now. That means there are deals to be found and lots of inventory available.
So if you’re a renter, consider paying yourself instead of a landlord. Contact a trusted mortgage lender. There are tons of options that can be explored if you just know where to look. Let your mortgage lender help you figure out how long it will be before you can move out!
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Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call direct: (865) 567-0113 Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910. For more information visit her website at http://www.kristinmortgage.com/ Home Loans Plain Talk.
Monday, August 11, 2008
Home Loans: Two Incomes Cut from the Same Cloth
Did you ever think you could make too much money? Or what if you potentially could make too much money? Now that sounds just plain old silly, doesn’t it? But believe it or not, different entities view your income in different ways. And depending on the situation, you might make too much moola.
Typically, an underwriter is going to be fair yet conservative when determining your income. If you make overtime and you want to count it, you’re going to have to show that you’ve received it for a decent amount of time and that it will continue. If you’ve only been on your job for a few months, you’re not going to be able to use anything but base income to qualify. Even if you’re in the same line of work. Even if it’s typical for the position and and you have a letter from your employer stating overtime will be available to you for the ten years. To an underwriter, in most cases, it’s all conjecture and forecasting. Not the kind of stuff you want to base lending $100,000 dollars against. The underwriter is going to stick with base salary. This rule of thumb applies to conventional, VA and FHA loans. There’s a little variance between agency guidelines, but not a ton.
Consider alimony. Maybe the court says you should get $300 a month, but your ex only pays you sporadically. You’re probably not going to be able to count it. It’s not fair that you can’t, but don’t bet on it. Most of the time you have to show where you have received the income for at least 3 months and more typically 6 months consecutively before you use that extra boost to your bottom line. You also have to show it’s going to continue for at least three years
Now here’s the funny part. If you are applying for a loan that has an income guideline or limitation, all bets are off. Some lenders will count potential income that you could start collecting. Others will average recent overtime into their equation. Typically, these type of loans go through two sets of underwriters (sometimes three!). The first underwriter will verify that the loan conforms to agency guidelines (Fannie, Freddie and Ginnie). When run through this gamut, you will see more traditionally conservative income guidelines applied. But say the lender is selling the loan to THDA (Tennessee Housing Development Agency). This agency has very strictly monitored income guidelines you must meet in order to qualify for the program. This entity will ensure you don’t make too much money as a first time homebuyer because its program is strictly for low to moderate income individuals or families. All of a sudden, your income looks different.
Here is an example of a loan I had recently. This loan was an FHA loan being sold to THDA. The wife on the loan had an ex-husband who should have been paying her court awarded child support in the amount of $320 per month. The ex had only sporadically paid her over the last 6 months, and when he did, it was only half of what he owed her. FHA would not include the income at all, yet THDA counted the full amount.
So which of the above underwriters was correct? Well actually, they both were. It just depends on what your objective is when determining the final figure. And that’s why you can get two incomes cut from the same cloth.
Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call direct: (865) 567-0113 Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910.
For more information visit her website at www.kristinmortgage.com Home Loans Plain Talk.
Friday, August 8, 2008
Seller Paid Closing Costs - Knowledge is Power
Seller Paid Closing Costs - Knowledge is Power
By Kristin Abouelata
If you haven't negotiated a bunch of home contracts, you may not be aware that you can ask the seller to pay a portion of your closing costs. Just how does that work?
When you're considering making an offer on a home, there are other ways to get a good deal other than just snagging the lowest price you can imagine. Most loan programs allow the seller to concede money toward the buyer's closing costs that would normally walk away with the seller in his pocket. Oftentimes, seller paid closing costs can make a home more affordable for you. You just have to make sure you stay within the allowable guidelines for the mortgage product you need.
You see, a lot depends on what type of loan you are getting. The scenarios I am going to discuss all pertain to if you are buying your primary residence, not an investment or second home. And the reason the amount that a seller can pay on your behalf varies from product to product is because different loan types have different documentation requirements, and therefore, different layering of risks. So, it's important to compare apples to apples. The less money out of your pocket invested into your home presents a higher risk for the lender, regardless of the source of the funds to close.
For instance, I had a loan the other day where the seller had agreed to pay up to 6% of the sales price in closing costs on behalf of the borrower. Totally reasonable since the borrower was getting an FHA loan. Unfortunately, the home wasn't up to FHA standards, and the loan had to switch to Conventional financing. Whoops. Conventional financing only allows for 3% seller concessions if one is putting less than 10% of the sales price down on the property. All of a sudden the negotiated contract wasn't working out to the benefit of the borrower quite as nicely. She actually would be paying more for the property than she need be without the same benefit to her unless she re-negotiated a lower sales price. Why is that? Well, originally the sales price was $100,000. The seller was giving her $6,000 toward closing costs and walking away with $94,000 in his pocket. Now, Conventional underwriting guidelines would only allow him to give the buyer $3,000. So his pockets would be a bit fuller unless the buyer renegotiated.
Different loan programs have different allowable amounts for seller concessions. For instance, VA loans allow the seller to pay 4% of closing costs, and Rural Housing loans have no limit on seller paid closing costs. Conventional loans will allow up to 6% seller paids, but the buyer has to put more than 10% money down on the property. And finally, FHA allows for 6% of sales price paid on behalf of the buyer toward closing costs.
Don't lose sight of the fact that seller paid closing costs usually don't count toward a buyer's minimum out of pocket investment required. For conventional and FHA, you usually have to come up with at least 3% of your own funds regardless of how much the seller is willing to help out. VA loans and Rural Home loans allow for 100% financing in most cases, so you're good to go there. And FHA will allow the seller to participate in a down payment assistance program and contribute toward your 3% investment, but that's a whole other article to write (and who knows if it will still be ok by the time this article makes it to print).
Your best rule of thumb is to work with a lender and realtor who know what they are doing. And if you have any doubts, your lender should be able to define your limitations for you pretty quickly. So, arm yourself with knowledge when negotiating your contract. It is always to your advantage to negotiate from a position of strength, and knowledge is power in this case.
Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or
call direct: (865) 567-0113
Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910.
For more information visit her website at http://www.kristinmortgage.com Home Loans Plain Talk.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kristin_Abouelata
http://EzineArticles.com/?Seller-Paid-Closing-Costs---Knowledge-is-Power&id=1348975
Wednesday, July 30, 2008
FHA Mortgages: What Is a Flip and How Can it Affect you?
Not too many years back, certain markets became inundated with fraud flipping schemes. Realtors, lenders and appraisers in these situations were all in cahoots with one another. As the saying goes, one bad apple can spoil the whole bunch. It was a very terrible thing, and the regulations we have today are reflective from that lesson learned. In particular, FHA has established strict guidelines to follow to alleviate flipping fraud on its homes that it insures.
FHA released a 90 day flipping waiver policy in reaction to the current market and buying climate. Basically, it outlines the following: FHA requires that: a) only owners of record may sell properties that will be financed using FHA-insured mortgages; b) any resale of a property may not occur 90 or fewer days from the last sale to be eligible for FHA financing; and c) that for re-sales that occur between 91 and 180 days where the new sales price exceeds the previous sales price by 100 percent or more, FHA will require additional documentation validating the property’s value. FHA also has flexibility to examine and require additional evidence of appraised value when properties are re-sold within 12 months.How can this policy affect you? If you are selling or buying a home that is a flip and you want FHA financing available, don’t even think about executing a contract until the 91st day. Your appraiser will note that it hasn’t been 90 days since the last sale, and immediately your FHA underwriter will read it and, in turn, reject the loan. And if on the 91st day since settlement you are buying a home that was in deplorable condition and has been fixed up nicely, you might need to get a second independent appraisal to support the value. Even if it is really apparent that it’s not the same house it was 3 months ago.
Certain properties are exempt from the rule. For instance, if HUD has foreclosed on the property, it’s not going to make itself wait 90 days to sell its own real estate. That would be kind of silly. Also, if one can show the seller inherited the property, it should be ok. And properties acquired by employers or relocation companies are kosher, too. There are a few other exemptions sprinkled about, but these are the most common ones encountered.
Basically, if you’re in the home for an FHA mortgage, just keep your ears and eyes open. Knowing your limitations upfront can make you a better negotiator and save you headaches.
Tuesday, July 22, 2008
Testimony - My customers are extremely important to me, and I am here to prove it
~Travis G. / University of Tennessee
“Your home is your most important investment. For many people, it’s the largest debt that you’ll ever personally incur. And, your home is where you will raise your family and create your own secure haven. These are two compelling reasons why you should take the greatest of care and consideration when choosing a mortgage specialist. I will take all the time and energy necessary to ensure you have the best options before you when making the important decisions that affect your largest and most important investment. Let my experience and years in the industry work for you. My customers are extremely important to me, and I am here to prove it.” - Kristin Abouelata Mortgage Specialist
Need Cash for a Home Closing? Consider a Gift
Coming up with a down payment or money for closing costs for a home loan can be a challenge these days. What extra money you were setting aside may all of sudden be going toward your gas tank or your grocery bill. To obtain your dream of homeownership, it may be time to accept that gift from Mom and Dad………
I saw a cartoon the other day that was pretty funny, but also pretty sad when you think about it. It showed a couple sitting across from a mortgage lender, and the caption read, “We’re here to apply for a tank of gas.” With increases in prices for just about everything, it gets more and more difficult to stash away a nest egg for a down payment. And pretty much every loan requires some part of down payment, even if you get a 100% financing loan. After all, you still are generally going to be required to put down some earnest money on your contract and in most cases, pay for an appraisal up front. You may have been trying to save it up on your own, but it may be time to accept some help from your family.
Most loan programs, be it Conventional, FHA, VA or Rural Housing, require the borrower to pay for something. In particular, FHA and Conventional home purchases want a minimum of 3% to come out of the borrower’s pocket. If you are doing a Conventional loan, you still can’t receive a gift for your 3% down payment, but you can use a gift to help with closing costs. However, FHA will allow your source of down payment to be a gift. So, if you find yourself a bit short on cash, you may need to ask someone to gift you the down payment or closing costs (or if your really lucky, and it’s allowed – both!).
All lenders are particular about just who can give you a gift for your down payment or closing costs. Pretty much across the board, the gift must be from a blood relative. You may have to prove that the gifter is a relative thru birth certificates, christening records, etc. Strange but true. Conventional loans will also allow an employer to give you a gift. But in any case, the most important factor is that whoever is giving the gift does not expect to be paid back. A certification to that effect will be required to be signed by the donor. Otherwise, it’s really a loan, now isn’t it? And as a responsible lender, we’re going to include that payment in your debt to income ratio, and we’ll probably want a bunch of documentation to prove the terms, etc. So, make sure it truly is a gift.
As of the date I’m writing this article, FHA will allow for down payment assistance programs, such as Nehemiah or Ameridream. Lenders view these products as “gifts” in a sense. They are basically seller concessions funneled through the down payment assistance channels. However, by the time this article is published, they may be null and void. It’s currently being reviewed and could go away. Or it may still be there, but just know it’s under review.
Lenders are very particular about how the gift funds reach the closing table. If you deposit the gift before closing, you have to show it coming out of the donor’s account and depositing into your account. It’s a lot of paper to collect. The easiest method is for Grandpa or your Great Aunt to just send a cashier’s check payable to you and your title company to the closing table. Smoother, quicker, simpler.
Gifts are a wonderful thing, and a gift of a down payment is a useful gift. After all, I think it’s safe to say that homeownership is one gift that keeps on giving, wouldn’t you?
Seller Paid Closing Costs: Knowledge Is Power

You see, a lot depends on what type of loan you are getting. The scenarios I am going to discuss all pertain to if you are buying your primary residence, not an investment or second home. And the reason the amount that a seller can pay on your behalf varies from product to product is because different loan types have different documentation requirements, and therefore, different layering of risks. So, it’s important to compare apples to apples. The less money out of your pocket invested into your home presents a higher risk for the lender, regardless of the source of the funds to close.
For instance, I had a loan the other day where the seller had agreed to pay up to 6% of the sales price in closing costs on behalf of the borrower. Totally reasonable since the borrower was getting an FHA loan. Unfortunately, the home wasn’t up to FHA standards, and the loan had to switch to Conventional financing. Whoops. Conventional financing only allows for 3% seller concessions if one is putting less than 10% of the sales price down on the property. All of a sudden the negotiated contract wasn’t working out to the benefit of the borrower quite as nicely. She actually would be paying more for the property than she need be without the same benefit to her unless she re-negotiated a lower sales price. Why is that? Well, originally the sales price was $100,000. The seller was giving her $6,000 toward closing costs and walking away with $94,000 in his pocket. Now, Conventional underwriting guidelines would only allow him to give the buyer $3,000. So his pockets would be a bit fuller unless the buyer renegotiated.
Different loan programs have different allowable amounts for seller concessions. For instance, VA loans allow the seller to pay 4% of closing costs, and Rural Housing loans have no limit on seller paid closing costs. Conventional loans will allow up to 6% seller paids, but the buyer has to put more than 10% money down on the property. And finally, FHA allows for 6% of sales price paid on behalf of the buyer toward closing costs.
Don’t lose sight of the fact that seller paid closing costs usually don’t count toward a buyer’s minimum out of pocket investment required. For conventional and FHA, you usually have to come up with at least 3% of your own funds regardless of how much the seller is willing to help out. VA loans and Rural Home loans allow for 100% financing in most cases, so you’re good to go there. And FHA will allow the seller to participate in a down payment assistance program and contribute toward your 3% investment, but that’s a whole other article to write (and who knows if it will still be ok by the time this article makes it to print).
Your best rule of thumb is to work with a lender and realtor who know what they are doing. And if you have any doubts, your lender should be able to define your limitations for you pretty quickly. So, arm yourself with knowledge when negotiating your contract. It is always to your advantage to negotiate from a position of strength, and knowledge is power in this case.
Let My Experience Work For You!
Friday, June 27, 2008
Mortgage Lending: What’s Your Point?
Buying a home is a confusing process, and one of the most confusing prospects is settling on an interest rate. Even when you decide what type of loan you want, you find you still have options as to what rate to lock. Some of these options stem from whether or not you buy down the rate by paying a point. A point is a fee that equals 1% of the loan amount. For instance, if you are buying a $100,000 home, and your note amount is $97,000 (because you’re putting $3000 down), a point would cost you $970.
You can see the points you are being charged on line and 802 of your Good Faith Estimate, and later, on the same line on your HUD-1. This line item reflects fees known as “discount points”, but they truly aren’t interchangeable with origination fees (line 801) even if they sometimes serve the same purpose. If you choose to pay a discount point, you should expect a lower rate than if you didn’t. So, if you’re quoted a rate of 6% 0 + 1, you are paying 1 discount point. If the quote is 6% 1+0, you’re paying an origination fee. And 6% 0+0? You’re paying no fees in either form.
What’s the difference between an origination fee and a discount point? Well a few things. Technically, an origination fee is what you pay the lender or the organization that takes the initial application and processes the loan. A discount point is specifically paid to the lender to buy down or permanently lower the interest rate, and it’s usually a percentage of the loan amount. You can also pay additional points to buy down your rate, not just a flat 1%. You can pay a .5% or 2%. It just has to make good economical sense for you. And it shouldn’t be robbing you blind.
From a tax standpoint, there isn’t much difference. An origination fee is generally tax deductible as long as it’s charged in the form of a “point” or percentage of the loan amount. However, you may ask your lender to charge you a discount point versus an origination fee to keep things neat and simple. Sometimes mortgage lenders charge you an origination fee when technically they should be charging you a discount point. But they’re collecting all the fees anyway and happen to be giving you a lower rate. It really matters most if you are working with a mortgage broker. Mortgage brokers can’t be paid discount points, only origination fees or broker fees. They can collect discount points to lower your rate, but the discount point has to be paid to the mortgage lender with whom they’re doing business. And, this information should be disclosed properly on your Good Faith Estimate
A typical trade off is that a 1% discount point equals about .25% reduction in interest rate. You should be able to easily decipher whether or not it’s worth it to buy your rate down. How long do you plan to be in the home? If not that long, then maybe you should think about a 0+0 quote. If it’s your forever home, then dipping into your wallet and footing higher closing costs might be worth it in the long run.
However, if you look at your Good Faith Estimate and it seems you’re paying too much in origination fees and/or discount points, then you probably are. Say something to your lender. And if he doesn’t budge, you may want to look elsewhere. Go with your gut instinct or call another reputable lender and get a second opinion.
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Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call direct: (865) 567-0113 Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910. For more information visit her website at www.kristinmortgage.com Home Loans Plain Talk.
Sunday, June 22, 2008
Call the Movers! You’re Closing Date is Extended!
You’ve called the movers, you’re all packed, and it’s the eleventh hour before closing. Your phone rings and it’s your lender with bad news. Your loan’s not going to close tomorrow. Whatch you talking about, Willis? Everything’s ready, the utilities are being turned off tomorrow, and the movers are showing up! Why is this happening?
There are so many moving pieces to a puzzle of a loan closing. Everything has to be coordinated to make it go smoothly. For instance, get the requested documents to your lender as soon as possible. If you dilly dally, you may run into problems. You see, your lender has a whole pipeline of loans, as do all the other mortgage lenders that work for that particular company. All of these loans have to be reviewed by an underwriter. So, basically, your loan has to take a number. And if you’re not prompt, your loan may go to the back of a very long line. Most people want their loans to close at the end of the month, so you can imagine the huge glut and back up that occurs. Thus, be prompt and responsive to your lender’s requests to allow everyone time to do their job.
Also, don’t quit your job and expect to close because your approval depends on you receiving proven income. On the day of closing, a lender is going to make a call to ensure you’re still employed. Funny, but your ability to repay the loan is important when someone’s fronting you thousands of dollars. No job, no moola.
If you’re a seller, be sure you’re ready for that final walk through. If the buyers are expecting you to leave the bathroom mirrors and the curtains, then don’t pack them up. The house should be broom clean (unless otherwise noted in the contract) and there shouldn’t be any new damage or sudden repairs needed that previously didn’t exist.
Weird things can happen, too. I know of a loan that was delayed in closing because two days prior to the deadline the title company found out that the builder/seller had filed bankruptcy. It seems that he was not in a position to sell the home anymore, and he failed to tell anyone (however, the new owner who got the property in bankruptcy was happy to sell, but closing was delayed). Another odd tale was that of the seller who failed to disclose he had a $49,000 tax lien outstanding on a property. He didn’t feel it necessary to mention this situation to anyone. It was pretty much a deal killer, as you can imagine.
Another thing that can cause a hiccup is failure to alert anyone that that one of the parties (buyers or sellers) will be out of town for a closing. These situations aren’t insurmountable, but they require careful planning and coordination. Sometimes, the contract changes and the lender isn’t notified until after the loan is fully underwritten. Contract changes most usually require a loan to be shot back through underwriting. Remember, you get in the back of the line.
Another minor hitch that frequently occurs involves self employed borrowers. The lender takes a loan application over the phone and writes down the borrower’s income. When tax returns are collected, the lender comes to find out that what their borrowers earn isn’t exactly what they claim with Uncle Sam. A lender will almost always use the income you report to the government, not what shows on your bank statements. All of a sudden, the borrower is no longer income qualified to close the loan. Time to scramble.
The moral of the story is to listen to your lender and keep an open line of dialogue going. Keep the him/her aware of changing situations. Email is great tool for use in accomplishing this purpose. It takes only a minute or two and can save everyone lots of heartache in the long run.
Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call direct: (865) 567-0113 Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910. For more information visit her website at www.kristinmortgage.com Home Loans Plain Talk.
Tuesday, May 20, 2008
Like an Old Shoe- The FHA Loan is a Good Fit
When should you consider an FHA loan? One great fit for an FHA loan is if you are buying a property and are looking to put as little money down on the property as possible. I had one couple that had plenty of money and excellent credit, but the seller of the property they were buying was conceding “nada”, and all the funds for closing were being footed by this couple out of their own check book. They were retired and relocating. Their goal was to spend as little money as possible, but still get into the home they desired. FHA fit their needs perfectly, because they were able to finance 97.75% of the loan amount. Their rate was competitive and their mortgage insurance was reduced. Also, they had plenty of money left over to buy plane tickets to visit the grandkids. Be aware, however, there is a loan limit for the FHA loan, so not all properties will qualify. But the limit is pretty generous.
Many times people have very little cash to put down on the property, but they have very nice credit. Again, FHA fits their needs greatly. Since FHA can pretty much offer the lowest cash necessary to close available to many, it’s easier for a buyer to negotiate for the seller to make a concession to lower or even eliminate the buyer’s cash out of pocket. Naturally, the seller has to be ok with what they are netting from the sale of the property. And the lender will make sure the house is worth the contract price. But FHA allows the seller to pay up to 6% of the buyer’s closing costs and on top of that, will let them gift the buyers the minimum required 3% investment through a down payment assistance program. So you see, you can get into a house with little or no money if you qualify for an FHA loan.
Another great thing about FHA? It doesn’t have any major pricing hits for a minimum qualifying credit score of 620. In the conventional loan world, there typically are pricing increases for loans every corresponding 19 point increase in credit score. Most secondary lenders who offer FHA loans will only give you a pricing hit if you dip below a 620 credit score.
And what if you have a credit score below 620? If you don’t get an automatic underwriting approval, you can possibly obtain a manual approval. What’s a manual approval? It’s when a real live human being looks at your file, and considers actors other than your credit score to qualify you. You may have to show you’ve paid other bills that don’t appear on your credit report on time for the past year. These types of bills would perhaps be your cell phone bill, utility bill, rent, or car insurance premium. Couple this evidence with a strong, hard explanation of why your credit score is less than perfect, and you still have a good chance of loan approval. But, be aware that your minimum credit score must typically be a 580 or higher.
Another nice fit for an FHA loan? Manufactured homes. You can still obtain an FHA loan to buy a new or refinance an existing manufactured home. Of course, there are stringent guidelines regarding the property that must be met, but FHA is still in the manufactured home market. In fact, it’s one of the few product types offered on the secondary market that still will endorse a manufactured home loan. The VA will too.
So, if one of the above mentioned situations reflects your scenario, make sure you investigate your options with FHA financing. You won’t be sorry you did. You know what they say? If the shoe fits - wear it.
Thursday, April 10, 2008
FHA and Down Payment Assistance: It’s Truly Gifted

If you qualify for an FHA loan to buy a home, traditionally you should be prepared to come up with 3% of final sales price in out of pocket funds to put down on the transaction. It’s a requirement. You can’t really get around it in on a home loan purchase. You can finance 97.75% of the loan amount, but you still have to have the remaining 1.25% of the aforementioned to put toward closing costs. Anyway you look at it, you need 3%.
Well, all is not forsaken. There is another way to come up with the 3% that doesn’t require hawking grandma’s pearl necklace or selling your 2nd car. There are down payment assistance programs out there to lend a helping hand. They can be considered a “gift”, and they are available for FHA loans that are single family and 1-4 unit dwellings. The two big names are AmeriDream, Inc. and The Nehemiah Program, and they provide these gift funds to qualified homebuyers.
How much in gift funds can be made available to you? 1% to 6% of the final contract sales price or a flat gift amount not to exceed 6% of the final contract sales price. And, in addition to the gift from AmeriDream or Nehemiah, the seller can contribute between 1% and 6% of final sales price toward the borrower’s closing costs. So, here’s the big secret, you can basically obtain an FHA loan with little or no down payment if you qualify.
How is this scenario possible? Well, it all depends on the deal you’re getting on the house. Basically, the seller is financing the down payment gift by not netting as much on the sale of the home. The seller or the lender also must pay the “down payment processing fee”, so your closing costs are going to go up $350-500. But, if you are buying a home below the lender’s appraised value, it can work!
Here’s an example. Say John and Susie Homebuyer have excellent credit but no cash to put down on a property. They are working with a great realtor who finds a home for sale that’s worth $120,000, but it’s generally acknowledged the seller will accept around $100,000 for it. The closing costs will run about $4500 (including the gift processing fee) and John and Suzie must invest $3,000 (3% of $100K) of their own money in the transaction per FHA guidelines. So, John and Suzie offer the seller $107,500. The seller agrees to participate in the Down Payment Assistance program and contribute $3,000 toward the buyer’s closing costs. This contribution becomes the “gift.” In addition, the seller agrees to pay $4500 in closing costs. The seller nets $100,000 from the transaction as anticipated, and the buyers pay the 3% down payment via a “gift” from AmeriDream or Nehemiah. The appraisal comes in comfortably above asking price and everyone’s happy.
The down payment assistance programs mentioned are large and respected community development programs, and they are a great deal for homeowners if they qualify and the seller agrees to contribute. With sellers willing to make sales concessions lately, it’s an excellent market for AmeriDream or Nehemiah. It’s critical that your realtor understand that you want to utilize these programs when you negotiate. Make sure they are aware of it and if need be, have your loan officer and realtor communicate with one another prior to house hunting. It’s also useful to have your lender prepare a good faith estimate for you prior to making an offer on a specific home so you can make sure all your numbers work and the offer is worded correctly with all the proper forms attached. And the good news is the programs still work with some of the competitive first time homebuyer programs out there like Tennessee Housing Development Agency with below market rates (but you don’t have to be a first time homebuyer).
So, who says you can’t get 100% financing anymore?
Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call
direct: (865) 567-0113
Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910.
For more information visit her website at http://www.kristinmortgage.com/ Home Loans Plain Talk.
Truth and Lending, Mortgage Rates, home loan financing, credit reports, Home Loan Plain Talk, Mortgage Specialist, Kristin Abouelata
Saturday, March 15, 2008
FHA Raises the Roof! New Loan Limits for Homebuyers
You see, previously, FHA loans in the Knoxville and surrounding area were limited to $200,160 for the note amount. If you wanted to buy a $210,000 home, you had to pay the difference out of your own pocket. The new increase limit allows for a note amount of $271,050. That’s a remarkable leap. And that big jump means the FHA umbrella has widened. Again, great news.
What’s so fabulous about FHA? First and foremost, a FHA loan only requires a 3% contribution out of pocket from the buyer. And, FHA allows the seller to pay up to 6% of closing costs and pre-paid costs (“pre-paid costs” are the money held in reserves to pay for your taxes, insurance and per diem interest). Look at it this way. If you wanted to buy a $250,000 home now, you would only need to have $7500 into the deal if you could negotiate with the seller to pay the remainder of the closing costs and pre-paid items. On this particular example, that would mean the seller could pay up to $15,000 in closing costs for you. In reality, the closing costs/pre-paids would be more around $5,000-6,000, but you get the picture. It’s a very affordable program.
The other highlights of FHA? Flexibility from an underwriting stand point. Credit scores can be as low as 560 (with proper documentation) and medical collections accounts are ok. Judgments do have to have been satisfied. Also, there is no income limitation. You can make as much money as you want and still qualify for the program. And the monthly mortgage insurance that is required is at a reduced rate. An upfront mortgage insurance premium is collected, but it’s financed into the loan amount. The loans can only be for your primary residence, and you can get adjustable rate mortgages or buy downs (money collected upfront to make your payment less for the next year or so-usually seller paid) if you want, too. What else? No need to worry about a pre-payment penalty. They don’t apply to an FHA loan.
I’ve personally seen a huge increase for my customers in FHA loans lately. Where they previously may have qualified for conventional financing, they now prefer the FHA program. It better suits their goals and they qualify more easily for the program if they have minor credit challenges. Oftentimes, they are denied a conventional loan but obtain FHA underwriting approval.
Chrissi Rhea, President of Mortgage Investors Group, states, “We are so excited that these anticipated changes are now a reality for FHA borrowers. When we announced to our sales team that they could start taking applications for the higher loan limit beginning March 10, they were excited to communicate this information to their customers and realtors. It’s really going to open doors for many mortgage customers. It’s nice to see an underwriting limit expand when so many options have actually become extinct in the recent months.”
The new FHA loan limit should help many people in months to come. Also, look for the conventional conforming limit take a higher jump (it’s currently at $417K). That move will also allow more flexibility for purchasing and refinancing homes. I’ll write about that later. But right now, the FHA has raised the roof, so take advantage of it!
Let My Experience Work For You!
Email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Home Loan Specialist with Mortgage Investors Group, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call direct: (865) 567-0113 Toll Free: 1-800-489-8910. For more information visit her website at http://www.kristinmortgage.com/ Home Loans Plain Talk.
Wednesday, February 13, 2008
Is Your Arm Adjusting and Your Mortgage Going Through the Roof? – FHA to the Rescue!

ARM Loans and foreclosures seem to be the news of the day. This is a very real problem and thankfully the FHA has come up with a temporary program known as “The FHA Secure Initiative,” that may give some relief.
A gentleman called me the other day about what he could do about his adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) that would soon be adjusting or in plain talk, reflecting a significant payment increase. Like so many homeowners, he did not anticipate the tightening of underwriting requirements and being stuck with his dramatic mortgage payment reset he couldn’t possibly afford.(go to the articles section of www.kristinmortgage.com for more information on ARM loans). Most of us sweat when we go to the grocery store and find out we spent $250.00 on groceries instead of our budgeted $150.00. Facing a huge jump in our mortgage payment would give a large majority of us heart palpitations! This situation is difficult for those with ARM loans about to reset. To make matters worse, many of these homeowners are boxed out of conventional financing because of recent, more stringent underwriting guidelines imposed.
What can be done?
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has released a new initiative which enables homeowners to refinance their mortgage when faced with adjusting mortgages that they can no longer afford. The program, known as “The FHASecure Initiative,” is a temporary program, and applications must be signed no later than December 31, 2008. I am going to repeat this point because it is important. An application must be signed no later than December 31, 2008. If you even think this program is something you should consider, do your homework now. Get a mortgage specialist to help you through the details of where you are today, what could happen tomorrow and what you can expect from this FHASecure Initiative program. If you do not have a mortgage specialist go to your bank, ask a friend or realtor for a name of a mortgage specialist, or call me.
The FHASecure Initiative allows lenders and homeowners to refinance mortgages which may result in delinquency once the loan is reset, or in some special circumstances, even if the loan has already become delinquent.
The mortgages in question must involve non-FHA adjustable rate mortgages where the homeowner’s mortgage payment history during the 6 months prior to the reset showed no instances of late payments. If there is sufficient equity in the home, with some further strings attached, you may be able to refinance even if you’re currently behind in payments. The lender must prove that with an FHA refinance, the borrower has enough income and reserves to make payments under FHA’s guidelines. Still confused? Contact a mortgage specialist to help you sort through these guidelines as they apply to your situation. Remember, asking the questions is simply educating yourself and will not obligate you in anyway. It’s about protecting your hard earned investment and safeguarding your credit history.
In the East Tennessee market, FHA will loan money based upon 98.75% of the appraiser’s estimate of value. As well, the maximum mortgage amount allowed for a single family home in our market is $200,160 (higher for multi-family dwellings up to four units). There is no income limit for this product, and individuals with credit scores below 620 may qualify for financing. FHA will allow you to roll the first lien, and second mortgage used to purchase the home originally, closing costs, prepaid expenses, discount points, prepayment penalties, and late charges. In a nutshell, it is a fairly flexible product that might be just what the doctor ordered for some of us.
In summary, this product is an excellent solution for many of those subprime mortgages or ARM products we’ve heard so much about on the news. Hopefully, if you are one of those borrowers, this article can open a door for you were afraid was about to slam shut! Oh, and by the way, did I mention that the FHA Secure Initiative is a temporary program, and applications must be signed no later than December 31, 2008?
Please email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Mortgage Specialist, at question@kristinmortgage.com. Kristin will try to answer all questions on her website www.kristinmortgage.com. Some questions and answers may be published with future articles.
Thursday, November 15, 2007
Giving Thanks to the FHA for It’s Adjustable Rate Mortgage Solution!
A gentleman called me the other day about what he could do about his adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) that would soon be adjusting or in plain talk, reflecting a significant payment increase. Like so many homeowners, he did not anticipate the tightening of underwriting requirements and being stuck with his dramatic mortgage payment reset he couldn’t possibly afford.(go to the articles section of www.kristinmortgage.com for more information on ARM loans). Most of us sweat when we go to the grocery store and find out we spent $250.00 on groceries instead of our budgeted $150.00. Facing a huge jump in our mortgage payment would give a large majority of us heart palpitations! This situation is difficult for those with ARM loans about to reset. To make matters worse, many of these homeowners are boxed out of conventional financing because of recent, more stringent underwriting guidelines imposed.
What can be done?
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has released a new initiative which enables homeowners to refinance their mortgage when faced with adjusting mortgages that they can no longer afford. The program, known as “The FHASecure Initiative,” is a temporary program, and applications must be signed no later than December 31, 2008. I am going to repeat this point because it is important. An application must be signed no later than December 31, 2008. If you even think this program is something you should consider, do your homework now. Get a mortgage specialist to help you through the details of where you are today, what could happen tomorrow and what you can expect from this FHASecure Initiative program. If you do not have a mortgage specialist go to your bank, ask a friend or realtor for a name of a mortgage specialist, or call me.
The FHASecure Initiative allows lenders and homeowners to refinance mortgages which may result in delinquency once the loan is reset, or in some special circumstances, even if the loan has already become delinquent.
The mortgages in question must involve non-FHA adjustable rate mortgages where the homeowner’s mortgage payment history during the 6 months prior to the reset showed no instances of late payments. If there is sufficient equity in the home, with some further strings attached, you may be able to refinance even if you’re currently behind in payments. The lender must prove that with an FHA refinance, the borrower has enough income and reserves to make payments under FHA’s guidelines. Still confused? Contact a mortgage specialist to help you sort through these guidelines as they apply to your situation. Remember, asking the questions is simply educating yourself and will not obligate you in anyway. It’s about protecting your hard earned investment and safeguarding your credit history.
Nationwide, FHA will loan money based upon 97.75% of the appraiser’s estimate of value. The maximum mortgage amount allowed for a single family home varies depending upon you live. There is no income limit for this product, and individuals with credit scores below 620 may qualify for financing. FHA will allow you to roll the first lien, and second mortgage used to purchase the home originally, closing costs, prepaid expenses, discount points, prepayment penalties, and late charges. In a nutshell, it is a fairly flexible product that might be just what the doctor ordered for some of us.
In summary, this product is an excellent solution for many of those subprime mortgages or ARM products we’ve heard so much about on the news. Hopefully, if you are one of those borrowers, this article can open a door for you were afraid was about to slam shut! Oh, and by the way, did I mention that the FHASecure Initiative is a temporary program, and applications must be signed no later than December 31, 2008?
Please email your home loan financing questions to Kristin Abouelata, Mortgage Specialist, at question@kristinmortgage.com or call her directly for more information at (865) 567-0113. Kristin will try to answer all questions on her website www.kristinmortgage.com. Some questions and answers may be published with future articles.

